After Brutus speaks, the crowd becomes calm and supports his cause. However, Antony, in his speech, questions the motives of the conspirators and reminds the crowd of Caesar's benevolent actions and of his refusal to accept the crown. He also reads them Caesar's will, in which Caesar leaves public land and money to each Roman citizen. Antony's speech stirs the crowd into a murderous riot, and the conspirators are forced to flee from the city.
Brutus and Cassius gather an army in Northern Greece and prepare to fight the forces led by Mark Antony. Antony has joined with Caesar's great-nephew, Octavius, and with a man called Lepidus. Away from Rome, Brutus and Cassius are filled with doubts about the future and quarrel over funds for their soldiers' pay.
After making amends, they prepare to engage Antony's army at Philippi, despite Cassius' misgivings about the site. Brutus stoically receives news of his wife's suicide in Rome. He then sees Caesar's ghost as he tries to rest and is unable to sleep on the eve of the conflict.
In the battle, the Republicans led by Brutus appear to be winning at first. But when Cassius' messenger's horse seems to be overtaken by the enemy, Cassius fears the worst and gets his servant to help him to a quick death.
After finding Cassius's body, Brutus commits suicide. He believes this to be the only honourable option left to him. Antony, triumphant on the battlefield, praises Brutus as 'the noblest Roman of them all' and orders a formal funeral before he and Octavius return to rule in Rome. Julius Caesar Summary Jealous conspirators convince Caesar's friend Brutus to join their assassination plot against Caesar. People feared that without resort to the established, accepted means of transferring power—passing it down the family line—England might plunge into the sort of chaotic power struggle that had plagued it in the fifteenth century, during the Wars of the Roses.
Shakespeare thus makes it clear that the struggle for power will involve a battle among the leaders to win public favor with displays of bravery and convincing rhetoric.
Considering political history in the centuries after Shakespeare wrote Julius Caesar, especially in the twentieth century, when Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler consolidated their respective regimes by whipping up in the masses the overzealous nationalism that had pervaded nineteenth-century Italy and Germany, the play is remarkably prescient.
Ace your assignments with our guide to Julius Caesar! SparkTeach Teacher's Handbook. What are Flavius and Murellus angry about at the beginning of the play? How does Cassius die? Was assassinating Caesar the right decision? Why does Cassius hate Caesar?
What is the significance of the comet? Act 3 Scene 1 Caesar approaches the Capitol. The fears and prophecies of the Soothsayer and Calphurnia have come true. Antony is a dangerous threat to Brutus and the conspirators. Play Act 3 Scene 2. The citizens of Rome are a powerful force. The conspirators are now on the run. Antony now has Octavius and Lepidus on his side. The brutal anarchy of the mob is loose on the streets of Rome.
Act 4. The subject changes to Brutus and Cassius who are preparing to fight. Octavius and Antony prepare to do the same. The new triumvirate are not united, hinting at a more troubled political future for Rome. The situation has escalated into civil war.
Act 4 Scene 2 Brutus waits for Cassius in the rebel camp. Cassius arrives and directly accuses Brutus of wronging him. To hide the row from their men, Brutus invites him into his tent. The argument escalates and political accusations become personal insults until Cassius offers Brutus his dagger to kill him with. Brutus backs down and they embrace as friends again. Brutus then reveals why he is so angry.
Portia, his wife, is dead. Not wanting to talk more of Portia, Brutus changes the subject to battle plans. Brutus disagrees, wanting to meet them in Philippi. Cassius is overruled.
Brutus wakes his men but they all deny crying out or seeing anything. Brutus sends word to Cassius to be ready to march ahead of him next morning. The friendship between Cassius and Brutus is troubled. Brutus and Cassius will march to Philippi to fight Antony and Octavius. Act 5. Octavius and Antony lead their armies away. Away from Brutus, Cassius reveals his concern over certain omens he saw on their march, despite never believing in them before. Brutus returns and he and Cassius discuss what will happen if they lose.
Brutus vows he will not be taken captive to Rome. The two friends bid farewell to each other and go into battle: 'Forever and forever farewell, Cassius. Antony and Octavius win the verbal battle.
Cassius is struggling to stay confident. The fight has begun. Cassius hears that Antony has entered his camp. Cassius kills himself on his birthday.
Brutus' army must now fight alone. Act 5 Scene 4 Brutus rallies his men and exits, fighting. Cato is killed. Lucilius pretends to be Brutus and is captured. Antony is merciful and values bravery. Brutus is close to defeat. Act 5 Scene 5 Recognising that he is defeated, Brutus asks his men to kill him but they refuse. Antony and Octavius have won the battle.
All the conspirators are dead. Brutus will be given an honourable funeral. Is his suicide a surprise? We use cookies on this website. By using this site you agree that we may store and access cookies on your device.
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